Explanatory Note
         This volume of Monograph Fishing Gear and Medthod in Southeast Asia : Cambodia was conducted in August 2003 with the aim to collect as many tyoes of fishing gear and medthod as possible. Most data were collected by interview fishermen with the help of questionnaire prepared inadvance
         Though the surveyed area spanned along the coast line of Cambodia water, some of the gears were not found in the surveyes peroid (seemap. 1). Therefore, this volume of fishing gears in Cambodia would only be illustrated some parts of gears that were made and used at the time (see Tavle 18). Inorder to fulfill the completion, we best hope this volume will serve as the background knowledge for the future revistion
         In the classification of fishing gera, drawing and explanations in this volume, we hope on the whole followed the system used in the "FAO Catalogue of Small-Scale Fishing Gear". The mode of presentation is summarized below.

Illustrations :
         1) Drawing of the horizontal length of surrounding nets, purse seine and gill nets is drawn according to the length of the float line, and the vertical depth according to the fully stretched. In the case of gill nets with sidelines, the depth is drawn according t theire length. The width of netting panels or sections of trawl gear is drawn according to half the streched netting, and the depth or lecgth according tofully stretched netting. Some gears are shown by schematic or partly perspective overall sketches, with dimensions indicated where applicable.
         2) The general outline of drawings such as the rig of the complete gear and detailed drawings of components are mostly not to scale, but the main dimensions are given.
         3) Dimensions are give only in meters (m) and millimeters (mm). Th units are not indicated but can easily be recognized, as followa:                  
                  Meters: legth of footropes, headlines, floatlines, etc. used with decimal of hundredths                            (e.g.,5.25,90.20).
         4) Mass and weight are indicated in the units of kilogra (kg) and gram (g)
         5) Materials are indicated by abbreviations list in Appendix1.
         6) The size of net yams is show in Denier unit.
         7) The mesh size (in millimeters, mm) is understood to be the distance between the centers of the two opposite knots in the same mesh when fully streched.
         8) The number of meshes in the staight row along the edges indicates the width and length or depth of net panels or sections.
         9) The shape of netting section indicated by the cutting rate at its edge. A tabulation of common cutting rate for a practical range of taper ratios is shown Appendix2.
         10) The rerm hanging ratio (E) designates the ratio between the length of a given portion of the mounting rope and the length of thestrtch netting hung on this portion on the rope.
         11) When there are two or more variants in the construction of gear or manner of use, there are indicated in the title and opposite the drawing by Roman numerals (I,II,......). Where these variants refer to only one component part of gear, other possible ways of making this part are show with the abbreviation ALT.
         12) Sequence in the fishing operation is shown by sketches with circled Arabic numerals (1, 2,...) which indicate the sequence of operation stages.
         13) Part of gear drawn in detail are circled capital letters (A, B,...)

Table18. Amount of Fishing Gear designs collected from the surveys in Cambodia



Map.1 Location () where the surveys of fishing gears and medthods used were carried out in this Volume of Monograph Illustrations


Appendix 1



Appendix 2
         Cutting Rates and Taper Ratios
Number of Meshes Lost (or gained)

         The shape of the pieces of netting of which a gear consists is achieved by increasing or reducing the number of meshes in width or length. This can be done by hand braiding or by shape cutting of witch the latter is by far the most common. In this catalogue the shape of net sections is therefore specified in cutting rates only witch can be converted into any hand braiding scheme by the reader himself.
         The cutting rate gives the rhythmical combination of different of different types of cuts, either along a row of sequential knots (N or T cuts, see Figures 1 and 2 ) or parallel to a line of sequential mesh bars (B cuts, see Figure 3)

         It is indicated for the N and T cuts by the number of consecutive bars severed along the cutting edge, not counting the bars on the preceding point (knot).
         
         The following combinations are used for cutting netting to shape:
         AB or all bar cuts (Figure 3)
         N and B cuts (example 1N2B, Figure 4)
         T and B cuts (example 1T2B, Figure 5)
         N and T cuts (example 1N2T, Figure 6)
         
         The taper ratio indicates the ralation between thr number of meshes lost (or gained) counted in the T direction at the end of the depth of the cut which is counted in meshes in the N direction.

         In order to facilitate repairs, modifications or design of nets, the following table given the most common cuttings rates in correspondence with the respoctive taper rations.


HANGING RATIO

         The term hanging ratio (sysmbol E) designates the ratio between the length of a given portion of mounting rope and the length of the streched netting hung on this portion of rope (Figure 7).

         The hanging ratio may be written as a decimal fraction, or as a percentage, such as in the following example :

                                                               E = 0.50 or E = 1/2 or E = 50%

         In this catalogue, the decimal fraction has been specified only. Itis , however, of interest to point out that the corresponding vulgar fraction can be used in common practice for net mounting. For instance, with E = 0.50 or 1/2, we have two meshes mounted on the length of one stretched mesh. Also, following the same medthod , with E = 0.80 or 4/5, we have five meshes mounted on the length of four stretched meshes. More generally speaking, when the hanging ratio can be expressed by a vulgar fracton, the denominator of this fraction represents the number of meshes, the streched length of which corresponds to that of the rope.

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